Donald Trump Biography

Donald Trump is a wealthy businessman, entertainer, real estate developer and president-elect of the United States  whose political aspirations made him one of the most polarizing and controversial figures of the 2016  election. Trump ended up winning the election  against all odds, defeating Democrat Hillary Clinton, and took office on Jan. 20, 2017. Trumps candidacy for the White House began amid the largest field of presidential hopefuls in 100 years and was quickly dismissed as a lark. But he won primary after primary and quickly became the most unlikely presidential front-runner in modern political history, vexing the pundit class and his opponents alike. Presidential Campaign of 2016 Trump announced he was seeking the Republican presidential nomination on June 16, 2015. His speech was mostly negative and touched on themes such as illegal immigration, terrorism and the loss of jobs that would resonate throughout his campaign over the course of the election cycle.   The darkest lines of Trumps speech include: The U.S. has become a dumping ground for everybody else’s problems.Our country is in serious trouble. We don’t have victories anymore. We used to have victories, but we don’t have them.When Mexico sends its people, they’re not sending their best. They’re not sending you. They’re not sending you. They’re sending people that have lots of problems, and they’re bringing those problems with us. They’re bringing drugs. They’re bringing crime. They’re rapists. And some, I assume, are good people.Sadly, the American dream is dead. Trump largely funded the campaign himself. He was criticized by many leading conservatives who questioned whether he was really a Republican. In fact,  Trump had been registered as a Democrat for more than eight years in the 2000s. And he contributed money to the campaigns of Bill and Hillary Clinton.   Trump  flirted with the idea of running for president in 2012, too, and was leading that years field of Republican White House hopefuls until he polls showed his popularity sinking and he decided against launching a campaign. Trump made headlines when he paid private investigators to travel to Hawaii to search for President Barack Obamas birth certificate amid the height of the birther movement, which questioned his eligibility to serve in the White House. Where Donald Trump Lives Trumps home address is 725 Fifth Avenue in New York City, according to a statement of candidacy he filed with the Federal Election Commission in 2015. The address is the location of Trump Tower, a 68-story residential and commercial building in Manhattan. Trump lives on the top three floors of the building. He owns several other residential properties, however. How Donald Trump Makes His Money Trump runs dozens of companies and serves of numerous corporate boards, according to a personal financial disclosure he filed with the U.S. Office of Government Ethics when he ran for president.  He has said he is worth as much as $10 billion, though critics have suggested he is worth much less.   And four of Trumps companies sought Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection over the years. They include the  Taj Mahal in Atlantic City, New Jersey;  Trump Plaza in Atlantic City;  Trump Hotels and Casinos Resorts;  and Trump Entertainment Resorts. Donald Trumps bankruptcy was his way of using the law  to save those companies. â€Å"Because I have used the laws of this country just like the greatest people that you read about every day in business have used the laws of this country, the chapter laws, to do a great job for my company, my employees, myself and my family,† Trump said at a debate in 2015. Trump has disclosed tens of millions of dollars in earnings from: Residential and commercial real estate ventures, his most lucrative occupation.  Operating the Trump National Golf Club, which maintains 17 golf courses and golf resorts across the world including those in Scotland, Ireland, Dubai.Running the Mar-A-Lago Club resort in Palm Beach, Florida.Owning the Miss Universe pageant, from which he reported $3.4 million in income.Operating restaurants.Operating an ice skating rink in New York City, for which he listed $8.7 million in income.Speaking engagements, some of which bring in $450,000.A pension from the Screen Actors Guild that pays him $110,228 a year, from his roles in movies on television dating back to  The Jeffersons in 1981. Trump also appeared in Zoolander and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York. He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.His appearances on the reality television show  The Apprentice  and Celebrity Apprentice, which paid him $214 million over 11 years, the campaign said. Books By Donald Trump Trump has written at least 15 books about business and golf. The most widely read and successful of his books is The Art of the Deal, published in 1987 by Random House. Trump receives annual royalties valued between $15,001 and $50,000 from sales of the book, according to federal records. He also receives $50,000 and $100,000 in income a year from sales of  Time to Get Tough, published in 2011 by Regnery Publishing. Trumps other books include: Trump: Surviving at the Top, published in 1990 by Random HouseThe Art of the Comeback, published in 1997 by Random HouseThe America We Deserve, published in 2000 by Renaissance BooksHow to Get Rich, published in 2004 by Random HouseThink Like a Billionaire, published in 2004 by Random HouseThe Way to the Top, published in 2004 by Bill Adler BooksThe Best Real Estate Advice I Ever Received, published in 2005 by Thomas Nelson Inc.  The Best Golf Advice I Ever Received, published in 2005 by Random HouseThink Big and Kick Ass, published in 2007 by HarperCollins PublishersTrump 101: The Way to Success, published in 2007 by John Wiley SonsWhy We Want You to Be Rich, published in 2008 by Plata PublishingNever Give Up, published in 2008 by  John Wiley SonsThink Like a Champion, published in 2009 by Vanguard Press Education Trump earned a bachelors degree in economics from the prestigious Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. Trump graduated from the university in 1968. He had previously attended Fordham University in New York City. As a child, he went to school at the New York Military Academy. Personal Life Trump was born in the New York City borough of Queens, New York,  to  Frederick C. and Mary MacLeod Trump  on June 14, 1946. Trump is one of five children. He has said he learned much of his business acumen from his father. I started off in a small office with my father in Brooklyn and Queens, and my father said — and I love my father. I learned so much. He was a great negotiator. I learned so much just sitting at his feet playing with blocks listening to him negotiate with subcontractors, Trump said in 2015. Trump has been married to Melania Knauss since January 2005. Trump was married twice before, and both relationships ended in divorce. Trumps first marriage, to  Ivana Marie Zelnà ­Ã„ kovà ¡, lasted about 15 years before the couple divorced in March 1992. His second marriage, to  Marla Maples, an lasted less than six years before the couple divorced in June 1999. Trump has five children. They are: Donald Trump Jr. with first wife Ivana.Eric Trump  with first wife Ivana.Ivanka Trump  with first wife Ivana.Tiffany Trump with second wife Marla.Barron Trump with third wife Melania.

Analysis on Ordinary People by Judith Guest Free Essays

Ordinary People by Judith Guest is the story of a dysfunctional family who relate to one another through a series of extensive defense mechanisms, i. e. an unconscious process whereby reality is distorted to reduce or prevent anxiety. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis on Ordinary People by Judith Guest or any similar topic only for you Order Now The book opens with seventeen year old Conrad, son of upper middle-class Beth and Calvin Jarrett, home after eight months in a psychiatric hospital, there because he had attempted suicide by slashing his wrists. His mother is a meticulously orderly person who, Jared, through projection, feels despises him. She does all the right things; attending to Jared’s physical needs, keeping a spotless home, plays olf and bridge with other women in her social circle, but, in her own words â€Å"is an emotional cripple†. Jared’s father, raised in an orphanage, seems anxious to please everyone, a commonplace reaction of individuals who, as children, experienced parental indifference or inconsistency. Though a successful tax attorney, he is jumpy around Conrad, and, according to his wife, drinks too many Conrad seems consumed with despair. A return to normalcy, school and home-life, appear to be more than Conrad can handle. Chalk-faced, hair-hacked Conrad seems bent on perpetuating the family myth that all is well in the world. His family, after all, â€Å"are people of good taste. They do not discuss a problem in the face of the problem. And, besides, there is no problem. † Yet, there is not one problem in this family but two – Conrad’s suicide and the death by drowning of Conrad’s older brother, Buck. Conrad eventually contacts a psychiatrist, Dr. Berger, because he feels the â€Å"air is full of flying glass† and wants to feel in control. Their initial sessions together frustrate the psychiatrist because of Conrad’s inability to express his feelings. Berger cajoles him into expressing his emotions by saying, â€Å"That’s what appens when you bury this junk, kiddo. It keeps resurfacing. Won’t leave you alone. † Conrad’s slow but steady journey towards healing seems partially the result of cathartic revelations which purge guilt feelings regarding his brother’s death and his family’s denial of that death, plus the â€Å"love of a good woman. Jeannine, who sings soprano to Conrad’s tenor†¦ There is no doubt that Conrad is consumed with guilt, â€Å"the feeling one has when one acts contrary to a role he has assumed while interacting with a significant person in his life,† This guilt engenders in Conrad feelings of low self esteem. Survivors of horrible tragedies, such as the Holocaust, frequently express similar feelings of worthlessness. In his book, â€Å"Against All Odds†, William Helmreich relates how one survivor articulates a feeling of abandonment. â€Å"Did I abandon them, or did they abandon me? † Conrad expresses a similar thought in remembering the sequence of events when the sailboat they were on turned over. Buck soothes Conrad saying, â€Å"Okay, okay. They’ll be looking now, for sure, just hang on, don’t get tired, promise? In an imagined conversation with his dead brother, Conrad asks, â€Å"‘Man, why’d you let go? ‘ ‘Because I got tired. ‘The hell! You never get tired, not before me, you don’t! You tell me not to get tired, you tell me to hang on, and then you let go! ‘ ‘I couldn’t help it. Well, screw you, then! ‘† Conrad feels terrible anger with his brother, but cannot comfortably express that anger. His psychiatrist, after needling Conrad, asks, â€Å"Are you mad? When Conrad responds that he is not mad, the psychiatrist says, â€Å"Now that is a lie. You are mad as hell. † Conrad asserts that, â€Å"When you let yourself feel, all you feel is lousy. † When his psychiatrist questions him about his relationship with his mother, Calvin says, â€Å"My mother and I do not connect. Why should it bother me? My mother is a very private person. † This sort of response is called, in psychological literature, â€Å"rationalization†. We see Conrad’s anger and aggression is displaced, i. e. vented on another, as when he physically attacked a schoolmate. Yet, he also turns his anger on himself and expresses in extreme and dangerous depression and guilt. â€Å"Guilt is a normal emotion felt by most people, but among survivors it takes on special meaning. Most feel guilty about the death of loved ones whom they feel they could have, or should have, saved. Some feel guilty about situations in which they behaved selfishly (Conrad held on to the boat even after his brother let go), even if there was no other way to survive. In answer to a query from his psychiatrist on when he last got really mad, Conrad responds, â€Å"When it comes, there’s always too much of it. I don’t know how to handle it. † When Conrad is finally able to express his anger, Berger, the psychiatrist says to Calvin, â€Å"Razoring is anger; self-mutilation is anger. So this is a good sign; turning his anger outward at Because his family, and especially his mother, frowns upon ublic displays of emotion, Conrad keeps his feelings bottled up, which further contributes to depression. Encyclopedia Britannica, in explicating the dynamics of depression states, â€Å"Upon close study, the attacks on the self are revealed to be unconscious expressions of disappointment and anger toward another person, or even a circumstance†¦ deflected from their real direction onto the self. The aggression, therefore, directed toward the outside world is turned against the self. † The article further asserts that, â€Å"There are three cardinal psychodynamic considerations in epression: (1) a deep sense of loss of what is loved or valued, which may be a person, a thing or even liberty; (2) a conflict of mixed feelings of love and hatred toward what is loved or highly valued; (3) a heightened overcritical concern with the self. † Conrad’s parents are also busily engaged in the business of denial. Calvin, Conrad’s father, says, â€Å"Don’t worry. Everything is all right. By his own admission, he drinks too much, â€Å"because drinking helps†¦ , deadening the pain†. Calvin cannot tolerate conflict. Things must go smoothly. â€Å"Everything is jello and pudding with you, Dad. Calvin, the orphan says, â€Å"Grief is ugly. It is something to be afraid of, to get rid of†. â€Å"Safety and order. Definitely the priorities of his life. He constantly questions himself as to whether or not he is a good father. â€Å"What Beth, Conrad’s mother, is very self-possessed. She appears to have a highly developed super-ego, that part of an individual’s personality which is â€Å"moralistic†¦ , meeting the demands of social convention, which can be irrational in requiring certain behaviors in spite of reason, convenience and common sense†. She is furthermore, a perfectionist. â€Å"Everything had to be perfect, never ind the impossible hardship it worked on her, on them all. † Conrad is not unlike his mother. He is an overachiever, an â€Å"A† student, on the swim team and a list-maker. His father tells the psychiatrist, â€Å"I see her not being able to forgive him. For surviving, maybe. No, that’s not it, for being too much like her. † A psychoanalyst might call her anal retentive. Someone who is â€Å"fixated symbolically in orderliness and a tendency toward perfectionism†. â€Å"Excessive self-control, not expressing feelings, guards against anxiety by controlling any expression of emotion and denying emotional investment in a thing or person. She had not cried at the funeral†¦. She and Conrad had been The message of the book is contained in Berger’s glib saying that, â€Å"People who keep stiff upper lips find that it’s damn hard to smile†. We see Conrad moving toward recovery and the successful management of his stage of development, as articulated by Erikson, â€Å"intimacy vs. isolation†. At story end, his father is more open with Conrad, moving closer to him, while his mother goes off on her own to work out her issues. Both trying to realize congruence in their development stage (Erikson), â€Å"ego integrity vs. despair†. How to cite Analysis on Ordinary People by Judith Guest, Essay examples

Approaches to Professional Nursing Practice †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Approaches to Professional Nursing Practice. Answer: Introduction One of the essential components of Professional Nursing Practice is Critical Reflection. The ability to reason logically is a quintessential skill of nursing personnel; hence the scholarship of critical reflection is imperative to transform nursing practice. This essay is a critical reflection on the case of elder abuse inquiry where an elderly man died at hospital after negligence of Gold Coast nursing home staff to adequately manage wounds. Later in the essay, the analysis has been done on the learning from critical reflection and an action plan has been made for the new knowledge needed. Body An elderly man named Mr Salir developed gangrene and far ahead died in hospital once his nursing personnel at a Gold Coast nursing home was unable to properly manage pressure wounds on the feet and buttocks of Mr Salir (Lewis, 2016). Afterwards his daughter-in-law Yvonne Selir registered a case to the Australian Law Reform Commission's inquiry into elder abuse, demanding for better standards of upkeep in nursing homes (Lewis, 2016). I felt very disturbed after reading this article and reflected upon how such negligence is possible even after nurses go through a rigorous training and curriculum where they are taught about maintaining a therapeutic and professional relationship with patients. I was further disturbed by the statement made by Mr Barnier that, Elder abuse is a thoughtful act of maltreating a resident/ patient either mentally, or physically, or financially (Lewis, 2016). The feeling of agitation led me to further analyse this incidence and reflect on it. Upon reflective an alysis, I felt that the negative aspect of this incidence from a patients perspective was that nurse failed to assess the patient comprehensively whereas standard 4 of NMBA standards clearly mentioned that a nurse should conduct a comprehensive and systematic assessment of the patient (NMBA, 2016). Further, the negative aspect of this incidence from a nurses perspective was that the majority of the nurses were not sufficiently trained in relation to wound care (Faria, Prado and Lima et al, 2016). However, the positive aspect of this incidence was that Ms Selir registered a case to the Australian Law Reform Commission's investigation into elder abuse, demanding for better standards of upkeep in nursing homes (Lewis, 2016). After reading this article I acknowledge that any negligence on the part of nursing care or failure to assess the patient comprehensively amounts to elder abuse and is the responsibility of community nurse (Andrews, 2017). The nurse should look for early signs of development of any complications or pressure injuries, and should refer the patient for specialised care well in time. I also learned that patient assessment should be holistic and proper referral should be made when required. Standard 4 of NMBA guidelines also recommend the same (NMBA, 2016). Standard 6 of NMBA also mandate timely direction and supervision and evidence-based nursing practice. The incidence will have a huge impact on my nursing practice as well as nursing as a discipline. The incidence has already called for higher standards of upkeep in nursing homes. Also it will guide in providing more comprehensive training to the nurses especially related to wound care. Thus it is vital for nursing as a profession to ad here to nursing standards and such an attitude should be build right from the time when students enter into educational institutes to get nursing education and training. Based on the Gibbs Reflective Cycle, an action plan must be prepared for the future, once you have described and analysed the situation (Jasper, 2003). Thus first of all I plan to learn and practice reflective thinking as a nursing student. I recommend that, Reflective thinking and Simulation satisfaction survey should be administered among undergraduate student nurses (Tutticci, Lewis, and Coyer, 2016). Second I want to orient my nursing education in line with NMBA standards for nursing practice (NMBA 2016). Nurses should conduct comprehensive assessment of patient and must look for any risk factors or any early signs of development of complications. Nurses should develop a plan for the nursing care of patient. Nurses should provide safe and quality care to the patient (NMBA 2016). I also want to learn proper nursing management of wounds. I want to sync my nursing abilities according to standard 8 of ACSQHS which is, Preventing and Managing Pressure Injuries (ACSQHS 2012). Thus I wa nt to make sure that such an incidence of nursing negligence should not happen to my nursing career. From this critical reflection, I plan some future actions to be taken to prevent such an error from occurring or recurring. First of all I will make sure that my organisation has governance structures and all the systems primed for the proper management and prevention of pressure wounds. Patients will be screened at the first place on presentation for any signs of pressure injuries. Clinical management will be done upon diagnosis. The management of pressure injuries will be done according to best practice guidelines (ACSQHS 2012). There should be increased specialisation in wound management in the healthcare organisation and nurses should be trained for timely and appropriate referral. The nurses should be educated regarding risk factors associated with pressure wounds and their prevention. Patients as well as carers will also be informed regarding risk factors of pressure injuries, their prevention and proper management with timely diagnosis and referral (ACSQHS 2012). The emphasis will be given on team-work where nursing staff will co-ordinate with physiotherapist and nutritionist towards prevention of pressure injuries during stay of patient in the healthcare organisation. Thus I plan comprehensive quality nursing care to be given to patients to prevent such an incident from recurring. Conclusion Thus elderly abuse incident of Mr Salir was very tragic incidence and a thoughtful reflection of the incidence has taught me that nursing care comes with several responsibilities. It is the responsibility of the nurse to comprehensively assess the patient, to look for any early signs of complications, and to seek timely specialised care as and when required. The training of nurses should meet quality standards and professionalism should be instilled in nursing students right from their undergraduation. References Andrews, J., (2017), Abuse of older people: the responsibilities of community nurses, British Journal of Community Nursing, 22(5), 224-5. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare (ACSQHC), (2012), Safety and Quality Improvement Guide, Standard 8: Preventing and Managing Pressure Injuries (October 2012), Sydney: ACSQHC. Faria, GBG. de., Prado, TN. Do., Lima, EFA., Rogenski, NMB., Borghardt, AT., Massaroni, L., (2016), knowledge and practice of nurses on the care of wounds, J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 10(12), 4532-8. Jasper, M., (2003), Beginning Reflective Practice Foundations in Nursing and Health Care, Nelson Thornes: Cheltenham. Lewis, D., (2016), Elder abuse inquiry: Man dies in hospital after Gold Coast nursing home staff fail to properly treat wounds, ABC News, Available from, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-27/man-dies-after-nursing-home-staff-fail-to-properly-treat-wounds/7877820, Accessed 30 July 2017. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA), (2016), Registered nurse standards for practice, Melbourne: Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. Tutticci, N., Lewis, P.A., and Coyer, F., (2016), Measuring third year undergraduate nursing students reflective thinking skills and critical reflection self-efficacy following high fidelity simulation: A pilot study, Nurse Education in Practice, 18, 52-59.

11 Easy Steps for How to Draw a Dog

Easy Steps for How to Draw a Dog SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Dogs are cute! Who hasn’t taken a moment to doodle their favorite pooch on the side of their paper before? But like many animals, dogs can be hard to draw well, especially from memory. If you are trying to up your drawing skill, this guide for how to draw a dog is for you! We’ll cover all the basics of learning to draw animals and dogs in particular, and walk you through drawing a dog step by step. 4 General Tips for Drawing Dogs and Animals Drawing animals can be really challenging! Living creatures are often harder to draw than static objects, as you want your animal drawings to be full of life. Here’s a few tips to get you started! Use References It might feel like cheating to use a reference, but it’s a-OK. Professional artists use references all the time to help their artwork feel more realistic. A reference photo will help you see what a dog looks like without trying to make a real dog sit still the entire time you’re working. There are so many kinds of dogs that it’s practically impossible to remember how to draw all of them. Even if they have similar skeletal structures (which isn’t always the case), their fur texture, eye shape, and size can vary pretty widely. You can take your own reference photos or use ones you find in books or online to help you get the details right. Study Anatomy You don’t have to go to veterinary school, but spending some time looking at animal anatomy will help you better understand how an animal sits, stands, and moves. Pay particular attention to the location of the spine, as this will help you figure out how the animal is shaped. When you know that, you’ll have an easier time positioning the head, legs, and tails appropriately. You can also get a better handle on their muscle structure, which is particularly helpful when drawing animals with short fur and pronounced muscles. Though you don’t need to replicate every detail in your drawing, understanding how an animal’s body works can make your drawings feel more lifelike, even in a cartoony style. Start With Simple Shapes Even complicated drawings are based on simple shapes. A light underdrawing that consists primarily of primary shapes is a great foundation for more detailed drawings; you can build on the basic shapes to help your drawing feel lifelike. Look at an animal’s anatomy and imagine it as several connected shapes. You might see a large oval for the ribcage and a rounded rectangle for the head, or an almost kidney bean-like shape for an animal’s leg. These are just guidelines- they’ll need refinement to really work in a drawing, but using these shapes to guide your work will help you stay on track as you’re drawing. Draw Lightly It takes time and effort to draw well. Start off with light pencil for sketching, and don’t be afraid to erase and try again. As you progress through the drawing process, you can erase your guidelines and draw in heavier pencil. This helps keep you on target and gets rid of the unnecessary lines. When you’re ready, you can go back over your drawing in ink or marker, and erase the pencil marks entirely. That ensures that only the lines you want are visible! This also works for digital illustration. Using layers in illustration programs, you can have underdrawings and layers of increasing detail, which can be turned off when you no longer need them. With practice, you'll soon be doing way better than this. How to Draw a Dog: The Simple Method Even when you’re drawing a simple dog, it’s smart to have an understanding of basic dog anatomy. It might sound silly or unnecessary, but even cartoony drawings need to be based in reality to look right. As mentioned above, take some time to look at dog anatomy and learn the basic shapes that make a dog up to help you make even a simple dog look great! Because there are so many kinds of dogs, we can’t provide a tutorial for how to draw all of them. Instead, here’s a simple guide for drawing a sitting dog that can be adjusted depending on what kind of dog you’re drawing. A modest beginning. Sketch the Muzzle All you need is an oval to start with. Don’t get caught up in making it look perfect- you can make adjustments to it later. Also, don’t worry about details. Just get a circle down and we’ll add to it later, once we have the body done. It doesn't look like much yet... Draw the Head Sketch the shape of the head around the oval you’ve drawn for the muzzle. Again, it doesn’t have to be perfect, because you can change it at any time. You can change the shape depending on how you want your dog to look. Some dogs have very round heads while others are more angular, but having the head oval in place gives you a structure to work around. Looking a bit more like a dog now. Add a Nose Dog noses are unusually shaped. They actually look a bit like mushroom slices, with an exaggerated flare at the bottom. You can start by drawing a sort of rounded triangle, then adding the nostrils to flesh it out. A simple nose or a detailed one can be equally effective depending on how detailed your drawing is. Making progress... Add Ears A dog’s ears can be a great source of expression! Depending on what kind of dog you’re drawing, the ears may be floppy, upright, or even cropped. Start with the basic shape and tweak it from there. Eyes make a big difference. Add Eyes Let’s keep it simple here- eyes are tricky to draw well! Two little ovals will do the job for now, so if we’re doing a simple cartoony drawing, we don’t have to get very detailed. You can add eyebrows to give your dog more of an expression. Dogs don’t have eyebrows exactly like we do, but some have eyebrow-like markings just above their eyes. Feel free to use your imagination! Okay, it's definitely a dog now. Add a Mouth Dogs have two rounded shapes beneath their noses that often turn upwards, making it look as though they’re smiling. You can draw these shapes as rounded ovals to make the dog look happier, or make them more angular and pointed downward to make your dog look more serious. In combination with the ears, the dog’s mouth is the best way to convey emotion. The egg-shaped body feels like a bit of a step backward. Add a Body The body looks a bit like an egg, with the top hidden behind the dog’s head. Again, draw it lightly and go over it later to add more detail. These legs leave something to be desired. Add Front Legs Draw two straight lines and add a little oval at the end for the paw. You can embellish these with spots or fur, but the basic shape is just two sets of two lines with a little oval at the end. I wanted a husky-like tail, even if it looks a bit like a banana right now. Add a Tail What kind of tail a dog has depends on its breed. You can draw a skinny tail, a fluffy one, or no tail at all depending on what kind of dog you’re drawing. These legs are a little on the abstract side. Add Back Legs Back legs are a little more difficult to visualize, but think back to the anatomy of a dog. The dog’s thigh is kind of like a tilted oval, and the foot and lower leg are like an elongated, squashed oval. All these are just sketch lines, so if they look a little funky now, that’s okay- you can fix them up with detail later on. Details and ink definitely help the doggy appearance. Add Details and Finish Up Now that you have the basic structure of your dog, you can touch things up with detail, erase all your sketch lines, and outline in ink. Some things to add to make your dog look more lifelike and cute are color, fur textures, and whiskers. Take a look at real dogs and see the features that make them unique, then make adjustments to yours to make it look special, too! How to Draw a Dog: The Detailed Method Drawing a detailed dog is a lot like drawing a simple dog, though it will likely take you more time and effort. Again, understand the simple shapes that make up a dog. Look at skeletal structure and muscle groups to help you understand what they look like under all that fur, as those are the features you’ll start with before you add more detail. First and foremost: start simple. It’s easier to draw a familiar yellow lab than it is to draw something more complex, like a Puli. That goes for shapes, too. Underdrawing is even more important when drawing detailed dogs than it is for simple dogs, even if you feel like you’re erasing most of the work. And erasing is a big part of drawing detailed dogs. You probably won’t get it perfect the first time, but that’s okay! The dog up above was my first attempt, and if I continued to practice I would get better. Erase and try again and again. You might not notice your skill improving, but every drawing you do brings you closer to the artist you want to be. This beautiful dog is going to be our reference photo. Start With a Reference You can use your own photo or one you find online, but add your own embellishments and tweaks to really make it your own. You don’t need to trace, though you can if you’re just starting out and want to get a better grasp on what dogs look like. It’s not wrong to learn by tracing, but it’s a good idea to use those drawings as practice unless you took the photo yourself. Many artists take their own reference photos. If you can’t, you can use one you find online, but aim to make your drawing substantially different from the reference if you plan to use the picture for something other than practice. Starting with a reference photo lets you work off of an existing image, which can help your drawing be more accurate. Use what you know of skeletal structure so you can better draw the shapes that make up a dog. Not very impressive. Outline Shapes Naturally, dogs are made up of many complex parts. But when you’re starting your drawing, just focus on the basics- the shapes that make up the basic form of a dog. If you were to just imagine a dog’s silhouette, you might see a rounded rectangle for the head, a large oval of the chest, and another oval for the hindquarters. Start with a line to keep the body parts aligned. The line can be straight or slightly curved, depending on what position you’ll draw the dog in. Then draw the basic shapes at their appropriate places, centering them on the line. After some redrawing, we have the basic form of the dog in our photo. Outline Shapes for Larger Features Now that you have the basic dog shape down, you can add just a little more detail. Focus on drawing the larger features of a dog- the snout, feet, and legs. Again, draw shapes rather than detailed features, as you’ll add all the little stuff later. Fill in the places where those features meet the body, and connect the larger sections of the body together. You’ll flesh all of this out later on; for now, you just want it to look like the basic silhouette of a dog, not something instantly recognizable as whatever breed of dog you’re trying to draw. This dog is more muscular than furry, so I focused on the muscles. Add Body Contour Now’s the time to start getting into detail, mostly in the body. Add some rough structure to the body, such as muscle definition for short-haired dogs or fur outlines for long-haired dogs. Look at where the breed is thicker or thinner, and emphasize those areas of the body. Look at where fur gathers on images of the type of dog you’re drawing, and also where muscles are more visible. Those are the areas to emphasize here, but, as always, don’t get too invested in details yet. Also take a moment to draw the legs and feet in more detail. Add toes and fur, if necessary, so you have a clearer picture of what the final dog will look like. Hey, that's a dog! Erase Unnecessary Lines Get rid of the guidelines you used, as from now on you’ll mostly be fleshing out details and shading. You’ve spent enough time on the basic shape, adding some fur and details, that you no longer need your initial shapes and guidelines. Now’s the time to add basic outlines for the dog’s ears, eyes, nose, and snout details. Get their placement and shape right, and be sure they look similar to those in your reference photo. This will probably take some time. Don’t get frustrated if you have to draw and redraw these features several times- these are details that are important to get right, but that can be quite tricky to execute well. You might have to do a lot of practice, but it’ll be worth it in the end! Add Fur Texture Now you can add fur and fluff to the details you added in the last step. Add a little fur to the ears or little tufts on the legs. If you’re not drawing a particularly shaggy dog, add more muscle definition. Use shading to emphasize where the dog’s muscles would show, and sketch out areas where the dog is more muscular to make it look more realistic. Just as you’ve done throughout the drawing, start with general details before you get into the smaller ones. Go for general fur shape, then add fuzzier patches. Get the general body shape and muscle structure done, then add muscles that are in use given your reference photo’s pose. It's not perfect, but that just means it's time to practice! Finishing Touches You’re almost done! Take some time to add additional details to things like the dog’s nose and eyes, and add teeth or a tongue depending on whether the dog’s mouth is open. You can also add spots or other color patterns if your dog has them. Just shading will accomplish this, or you can use full color to give your picture even more pop. However, it is possible to get too detailed. Some artists draw intensely detailed images while others are a little more sparing. Both are great art styles, so don’t feel like adding tons of detail is the only way to make your art look realistic and interesting! Additional Tips for Drawing Dogs Once you've got the basics down, drawing a dog is a matter of practice. Keep trying to improve, even when it feels like your skill isn’t getting better. But if you need some additional help in drawing certain parts or certain kinds of dogs, consider these tips! How To Draw a Dog’s Face Drawing a dog’s face can be particularly tricky- we want our drawing’s faces to be as expressive and cute as real dogs. Understanding what a dog’s skull is like is a great first step, as you’ll be able to see what parts move, what parts don’t, and where important features like the ears and eyes sit. Outline the basic shape before adding features. You can block them in using lines to be sure that they’re all aligned properly. As with the rest of the dog, start with the broader details and then fill in the specific ones. Start with the shape of the eyes, for example, and refine them until they look right. Then add the iris and pupils as well as surrounding fur. You can always make changes, but it’s easier to start with the larger details and fill in the specific ones than end up having the erase everything because you can’t get the shape to look right after you’ve drawn the details. How to Draw a Puppy Puppies are a lot more than miniature dogs- they have different features, which means there are special considerations to keep in mind when drawing them as opposed to adult dogs. For one, puppies often have proportionally larger paws than adult dogs. Drawing the paws a bit larger is a good way to clue people into the fact that you’re drawing a puppy! Puppies are also generally a little chubbier, with more rounded bodies. Though some might be a little muscular, for the most part puppies will be more rounded- combined with other puppy features like larger paws, a rounded body can make a dog look younger. Some breeds also have gangly legs, especially as they begin to grow into adolescents. A few adult breeds, such as borzois and greyhounds, may look gangly as adults, but many dogs get that same look as they’re growing up. It’s okay to make your puppy drawings look a little awkward- it’s true to life! Another good detail for puppies is that their eyes often look proportionally larger than those of adult dogs. This is a common feature of baby animals, and it’s part of the reason that people love them so much. A large head, round eyes, and smaller nose and mouth remind us a lot of human babies, so use those features to make your puppy drawings look even cuter! What’s Next? Don't be afraid to experiment with different styles when drawing dogs. Check out this guide to how to do contour line art and try out a whole new art direction! Not sure what to draw now that you've mastered dogs? This list of 100 different drawing ideas is sure to help. Drawing is a great hobby, but it can also make you money. Check out this list of art scholarships to help you turn your skills into cash for college! Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Melissa Brinks About the Author Melissa Brinks graduated from the University of Washington in 2014 with a Bachelor's in English with a creative writing emphasis. She has spent several years tutoring K-12 students in many subjects, including in SAT prep, to help them prepare for their college education. 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Essay on The History of African American Women being Victims of RapeEssay Writing Service

Essay on The History of African American Women being Victims of RapeEssay Writing Service Essay on The History of African American Women being Victims of Rape Essay on The History of African American Women being Victims of RapeAfrican Americans are the inhabitants of the United States belonging to the Negroid race and having full or partial African descent. They are descendants of slaves brought to North America in the 17th-19th centuries. At an early stage of human development there appeared an idea of ​​the differences between men and women, forming behavior and distribution of responsibilities. Unity and confrontation of male and female principles were central to the traditional African society. Biological sphere was a source of controversy between the sexes. Physical abilities and the traditional function of women motherhood were considered when demarcation of roles between men and women. The ability to reproduce was vital for all peoples of the continent. Wives and daughters were considered the main wealth of the family. Woman stood over the man in her functions. In this regard, there appears an idea of imaginary unclea nness of women in certain physiological periods (menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth). So, during these periods women are dangerous and can disrupt the harmony between human and nature. The man didn’t have such biological and social disadvantages. Thus man got a major role in the family and tribal collective. Women were imposed different kinds of taboo, for example, prohibitions on certain activities. In an African village womens status depended not only on gender, but also on her social role. Married African women were given the last place within the family, she was considered inferior kind. Researchers G. Bissila and M. Felu note that motherhood isolates woman from a biological standpoint, physiology isolates her aesthetically, religion makes a conviction (Amutah, 2012). African women lived by the rules of social isolation, utter dependence on her husband, lack of voting rights, inability to be head of the family. Family relationships in an African village could be consider ed as a collision of two clans in the property, social and religious aspects. African woman was deprived of individuality, her personal interests and needs were nothing compared to the interests of the community. African woman was passive due to her workload in agricultural work and responsibilities at home. They worked on the land, took care of harvest, brought home water and firewood, prepared food.From 1619 to 1865 the United States had a system of slavery, most slaves were Africans. They were taken by force from places of residence. First African slaves were brought to Virginia in 1619. Entrepreneurs often used black slave labor, thus reducing the wages of white workers. Such competition from Africans led to the fact that many white workers shifted to work in other places. That developed racial hostility. According to the Act of 1661, Africans were recognized lifelong slaves. Later, law about African slaves and their posterity was passed. Such Black Codes converted Africans into eternal property of slaveholders (Lang, 2011).Children of slaves were owned by the owner of their mother. African American women have experienced great suffering in the forced separation of families and the sale of children. Separation from family was extremely traumatic for women. Experiencing the pain of loss, woman changed forever. She became a victim without the right to change something. Codes introduced bans on trade, slaves were not allowed to learn to read and write, to drink alcohol without the owners permission, it was forbidden to hire horses, to keep dogs, guns, and they had no right to testify against white people. For the slightest offense slaves were succumbed to severe punishment. Slaves were in the same row with the cattle, implements and furniture. By the end of the colonial period there appear free blacks in the New World, but they were also limited in their rights: they had no right to participate in elections, to serve as witnesses in court proceedings conflict s between whites.For men, slavery was real flour, for women it was even worse. She was oppressed three times: as a slave, as a black and as a woman. They had a very hard work in the field. Cotton pickers wore heavy bags, their daily rate was 150-200 pounds (Bent-Goodley, 2013). Ones, who didn’t fulfill it, were punished. Pregnant women stopped working just a month before delivery. And they started working in the field a month after birth. Rest of the time women spent in housework. Female slaves had not only hard work, but also sexual exploitation. Sexual relations with African women, irrespective of their faith, were a kind of self-affirmation of white men. The superiority of one group over another group of men was shown by the forcible possession of women. In the places where there was a large number slaves, and the percentage of white women was small, liaisons between white men and black women were common. Another problem for female slaves was compulsory reproduction. That was especially practiced since 1807, when the slave trade was brought to an end, but high demand for labor remained. Then reproduction of labor power became a source of wealth of slaveholders. Black women were forced to have children as often as possible. The family was unable to protect young girls from encroachment of white men. In the 19th century, there appeared the American womens movement, represented by white and African-American women in the struggle for the abolition of slavery. In the mid- 60s, in the United States the movement for womens rights was formed, it received the name of feminism. It attracted public attention not only to the issues of gender equality, but also to sexual abuse, which was previously silent. Feminists achieved passing a number of favorable laws for women. By the 90th, popular feminist writers have done much to change the established views of society, but the complete victory was still far. As a result of the Civil War of 1861-1865 in the United Sta tes, slavery was abolished (Bent-Goodley, 2013).Nowadays, rape is one of the most serious forms of sexual harassment. Many researchers and doctors regard rape as a product of socialization process in the structure of the normal society. Modern researchers have proved that American women are raped far more often than residents of other countries. Trying to prove this fact, scientists consider psychosocial and socio-biological factors. In several studies anthropologist Peggy Reeves Sunday showed that rape is largely a cultural phenomenon. She compared the level of rape in 95 societies (Franiuk, 2011). Research have shown that incidence of rape in any society depends on the nature of the relationship between the sexes, womens status and the way of bringing up boys during adolescence. It has been proven that in societies provoking violence aggressiveness of men is a common phenomenon. In those cultures, men have high economic and political status, they don’t commonly take care of child-rearing and housework. In a society that is free from violence, relationship between men and women are different. They share power and authority, as well as contribute equally to the general welfare. In such societies, boys and girls are taught to appreciate care and avoid aggression and violence.In the USA, rate of rape is higher than in any other western country, one of the main causes is associated with stereotypical gender roles. Men are taught that power, aggressiveness and ability to get his own, even with the use of force, are an integral part of the traditional male role. Boys learn almost from childhood that they should strive to have sex and expect to succeed not stopping before unethical means to achieve their goals. American men perceive aggression as quite valid tool for obtaining sexual access to women. â€Å"Sexual assault is a logical continuation of the system, where men are taught to conquer what they want, while women should be passive, compliant and put m ens needs above their own† (Clay-Warner, 2009). Woman of any age can become a victim of a rapist. Recent studies show that more than 50% of American women survivors of rape have been first abused before the age of 18 years, and 22 % of them – before 12 years old. The fact that a woman has experienced rape before the age of 18 years highly increases the likelihood that in the future it would repeat (Wong, 2013). The level of reported rapes has cultural differences. For example, Asians report about rapes much than white American and African American. In the late 20th century, it was shown that women with lower socioeconomic status more often became victims of sexual assault in all ethnic groups. Obtained data can be explained by noting that people living in squalid conditions become victims of various crimes more often. African American women were subjected to forced sterilization in order to prevent the proliferation of people who were considered carriers of defective ge netic traits. African American women were sterilized in many states against their will, sometimes even without their knowledge. In the USA, African American women were subjected to forced sterilization more often, as it was believed that they were unable to control own sexual life. That was performed in order to limit the growth of black families applying for social security benefits. The greatest number of sterilizations took place in California from 1909 to 1964. Sterilization was subjected even to those who were healthy. Forced sterilization existed in the USA until 1974.Professor of sociology in the University of Maryland Bart Landry said that negative image of black women in the United States was formed back in slave times when black families were separated and white slave owners raped black women. Upon completion of slavery, African American women began to be considered as a part of the workforce. Black woman who has achieved success at work, who is a caring mother and wife s uch an important image is represented by Michelle Obama. Today, the USA is a home for about 42 million of African Americans. February 2014 was declared a national Month of Black History.

The Misrepresentation of Police on the TV Research Paper

The Misrepresentation of Police on the TV - Research Paper Example In many TV programs and shows, police officers are depicted as the front line of defence, as a strong force able to protect all citizens from all possible threats and crimes. Drugs, crime, and threats to the family and to safety generally are the stock-in-trade of these shows. However, programs like "Cops" depict the police as the front line of defence against such threats. "Americas Most Wanted" gives viewers a sense of empowerment as they fight back with telephone calls that help to capture dangerous criminals. There is actual footage of the police in action, breaking down a door in a drug bust, or chasing and wrestling a suspect to the ground. In real life, the police are unable to respond effectively to all reported cases of crimes and check all telephone calls coming each hour (Dowler 230). Also, some are concerned about the guarantee of confidentiality for callers that seemed to be compromised by televised comments identifying them as "neighbours" or "former girlfriends," or gi ving other identifiable characteristics. In real life, the source of scepticism is, for the most part, related to the experience of various forms of contact with the police. In reality, when you do try to help the police, the police never turn up until the crimes been committed. Also, Scharrer (2001) admits that: â€Å"the depiction of previously unemotional cops who were "all business" has changed to include modern sensitivity and more well-rounded portrayals in these roles† (615).

Programmatic Changes in the Islamic Politics Assignment

Programmatic Changes in the Islamic Politics - Assignment Example People of the west have been misinformed about Islam as some of their journalists have disseminated wrong information about Islam and created a bad impression about the religion. Though, some of these aspersions are relatively true as some minor members of the Islamic community are guilty of what they have been accused of, but this is not to say that the whole Islamic community should be regarded as being demonic. In view of these accusations, the government of the Islamic countries should create a medium that would seek to portray the good image of Islam and the people that practice the religion to the Western countries and this would go a long way in correcting the wrong impression that has already been created about the religion. The Muslim societies have been known to practice a religion that does not permit freedom in their societies. The negativity in this impression should also be corrected as the religion does not tolerate sin and frowns against performing activities that could cause a person to commit sin. The Islamic community is, in fact, a free society as the individuals in these societies have the freedom to choose and do what they liked as long as it does not impede on their religion and take their hearts away from their God. The only thing that could be said not be free in Islam is that they do not have the freedom to sin and the act of doing this attracts severe penalties in the religion. The Western civilization, which is known for its principle of freedom and the protection of the fundamental human rights of its citizen claim that Islam does not guarantee freedom to all. They are of the opinion that the laws of Islam do not permit freedom to the bulk of its citizen, which includes women and the youths.